Cannabis 101: What Should You Really Know?

Cannabis 101: What Is Weed, Pot, or Marijuana—And What Should You Really Know?

 

 

 Is It ‘Cannabis’ or ‘Weed’—and Why Does It Matter?

 

What do you call it?

 

Weed, pot, grass, reefer, Mary Jane, marijuana, ganja, or—if you’re speaking with a physician—cannabis.

 

The name you use might say more about your age, your politics, or your comfort level than you realize. But regardless of what you call it, cannabis is everywhere: in legislation, in medicine cabinets, and in heated dinner-table debates. It’s also the subject of more internet searches than nearly any other plant on the planet—especially when it comes to what it does, how it feels, and whether it’s safe.

 

This post is your plainspoken, evidence-informed, no-nonsense guide to understanding cannabis—also called marijuana, weed, or THC-containing flower—without the noise. I’m Dr. Benjamin Caplan, a board-certified family physician, researcher, and clinical cannabis specialist who’s worked with over 285,000 patients. I’ve seen first-hand how cannabis can change lives—and how misinformation can harm them.

 

So let’s strip away the slang, sift through the science, and answer the most common (and misunderstood) questions about cannabis: what it is, how it works, what it can do, and where it still deserves caution.

 

 

Section 2:  Cannabis by Any Other Name: Terminology and Stigma

 

 

Cannabis, Weed, Pot, Marijuana—What Are We Even Calling It?

 

Let’s be honest: if you’ve ever felt confused by the vocabulary of cannabis, you’re not alone. One person says “weed,” another says “medical marijuana,” and your friend who took one college botany class insists it’s “Cannabis sativa.” Meanwhile, your uncle in Florida calls it “wacky tobacky.”

 

Here’s the breakdown:

 

Cannabis is the scientific name of the plant genus. It’s what researchers, doctors, and your local dispensary (if they’re trying to sound fancy) typically use.

 

Marijuana is the more loaded term, historically tied to racist propaganda campaigns in the early 20th century. While still used legally in many state laws, it’s slowly being phased out by public health institutions and scientists for good reason.

 

Weed and pot are casual, slangy, and culturally sticky (pun intended). They’re fine for everyday conversation, but they don’t exactly scream “evidence-based medicine.”

 

The word you use can influence how people perceive you—and how Google classifies your search. That’s why in this post, we’re using cannabis for accuracy, but we’ll sprinkle in weed, pot, and marijuana because, well, that’s what most people still type when they’re curious.

 

Fun fact: Over 2 million people each month search for the word weed. Less than 10% search for cannabis. So if you’re here thanks to Google, don’t worry—you’re in the right place.

 

Whether you call it ganja, green, kush, or “the devil’s lettuce,” the plant is the same. But the way we talk about it—medically, culturally, politically—can shape everything from legislation to doctor–patient relationships.

 

And let’s be real: when we can’t even agree on a name, it’s no wonder there’s so much confusion about how cannabis actually works.

 

 

 

 

Section 3:  What Happens in the Body?

 

 

Title: How Cannabis Works in Your Brain and Body (And Why That Edible Hit So Hard)

 

 

So you tried cannabis and suddenly time slowed down, Doritos became fine cuisine, and your left sock felt unusually profound. What’s happening here?

 

The short answer: your endocannabinoid system—a real, naturally occurring network in your body—just got a memo from a plant.

 

Every human (and most animals) has an endocannabinoid system (ECS), a vast communication network that helps regulate things like sleep, appetite, mood, memory, and pain. Your body makes its own cannabis-like compounds—called endocannabinoids—to help keep all that in balance.

 

When you consume cannabis, you’re introducing phytocannabinoids (plant-based cannabinoids) into the system, like:

 

THC (tetrahydrocannabinol): The headliner. This is the compound responsible for the “high”—along with heightened senses, altered time perception, and sometimes, let’s be honest, temporary paranoia.

 

CBD (cannabidiol): THC’s chill cousin. CBD doesn’t get you high, but it can interact with receptors in a way that eases inflammation, anxiety, and even seizure activity—without the rollercoaster.

 

Think of it like this: THC slams the door open with a fog machine and strobe lights. CBD opens it gently, offers tea, and asks how your joints are feeling.

 

These cannabinoids fit into receptors (mainly CB1 and CB2) spread throughout the brain, immune system, gut, and even your skin. The result? A wide range of effects that vary depending on:

 

✔︎  Your biology (some people have more sensitive receptors)

 

✔︎  The dose

 

✔︎  How you consume it (smoking vs eating vs applying)

 

✔︎  What else is going on in your body at the time (like stress, hormones, or other meds)

 

And let’s not forget the entourage effect—the idea that cannabinoids and terpenes (aromatic compounds in cannabis) work better together than alone. Kind of like a band: THC is the lead singer, but without the bass player (CBD), drummer (CBG), and saxophonist (limonene), the show doesn’t slap.

 

 

 

Section 4: What Cannabis Can Actually Help With

 

 

 

Cannabis Isn’t a Cure-All—But It’s No Slouch, Either

 

If you’ve spent time on the internet, you’ve probably seen cannabis touted as a cure for everything from migraines to bad dates. But what does the science actually say?

 

Spoiler: There’s a growing body of real evidence, especially in areas where conventional medicine often leaves people wanting more. Based on both clinical research and my experience with over 285,000 patients, here’s where cannabis has shown the most promise:

 

Chronic Pain

 

Back pain, joint pain, fibromyalgia, neuropathy—you name it. Cannabis, particularly THC and CBD in combination, has shown efficacy in helping patients reduce pain and sometimes reduce or eliminate opioids altogether.

 

Search-friendly tip: Google searches for “cannabis for pain” and “does weed help with back pain” remain consistently high.

 

Anxiety and PTSD

 

A tricky one. Low doses of THC and higher doses of CBD can help regulate anxiety. But too much THC? That’s how people end up panic-texting their ex and Googling “can you die from being too high” (you can’t).

 

Emerging data and patient reports strongly support the role of cannabinoids—especially in trauma recovery and sleep stabilization for PTSD.

 

Sleep

 

Cannabis doesn’t knock you out cold like a sleeping pill, but it can help people fall asleep faster and wake up less. THC is generally sedating in moderate doses; CBD helps quiet a racing mind.

 

Nausea and Appetite

 

This one’s practically ancient history: cannabis is an established go-to for chemo-related nausea, appetite loss, and wasting syndromes. THC activates appetite-stimulating pathways; CBD adds anti-inflammatory support.

 

Inflammatory Disorders

 

There’s promising early research on conditions like Crohn’s, MS, and rheumatoid arthritis, especially with cannabinoids like CBD, CBG, and THCA—all of which act on inflammation in different ways.

 

Let’s be clear: cannabis isn’t a one-size-fits-all wonder drug. But in the right dose, delivery form, and context, it’s a powerful tool that often works where traditional meds fall flat—or cause intolerable side effects.

 

And no, it won’t cure your taxes, but it might help you stress about them less.

 

 

 

Section 5: Let’s Talk Side Effects (Even the Unfun Ones)

 

 

Cannabis Side Effects: From “Mellow Vibes” to “Why Is My Heart Racing?”

 

Cannabis can be calming, euphoric, even transformative. But like any tool, it can backfire—especially if you don’t know your dose, your product, or your personal sensitivity.

 

Here are the most common side effects worth knowing (and Googling—because thousands of people do every day):

 

Anxiety or Paranoia

 

Yes, ironically, the thing some people take to treat anxiety can also cause it. This is most often due to:

 

1️⃣ Too much THC

 

2️⃣ Fast onset methods (like vaping or dabbing)

 

3️⃣ Underlying anxiety disorders or stimulant sensitivity

 

Pro tip: If your heart’s racing and your thoughts are spiraling, it’s likely temporary. Hydrate, breathe, and ride it out. CBD and black pepper (yes, really) may help.

 

 

 

Dry Mouth and Red Eyes

 

 

This one’s universal. THC reduces saliva production, so your mouth might feel like a cotton ball convention. Eyes get red due to blood vessel dilation. Harmless, though perhaps not ideal for first dates or parent-teacher conferences.

 

Impaired Coordination or Memory

 

 

Cannabis, especially high-THC products, can temporarily mess with short-term memory, reaction time, and focus. That’s why driving or operating heavy machinery is a hard no.

 

Increased Heart Rate

 

 

THC can raise heart rate—sometimes significantly in people who are new, anxious, or sensitive. It’s not dangerous for most, but if you have heart disease or arrhythmias, you’ll want to speak with a doctor first.

 

 

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)

 

 

In rare chronic users, especially those consuming high doses of THC daily, cannabis can paradoxically cause cyclic vomiting. It’s uncommon but very real—and often misdiagnosed in ERs.

 

Let’s not sugarcoat it: cannabis has side effects. But so do Tylenol, caffeine, and romantic comedies. The key is knowing how your body responds—and adjusting accordingly.

 

Cannabis works best when used intentionally, not casually. And if you’re having unpleasant side effects, it doesn’t necessarily mean cannabis isn’t for you—it may mean you’re using the wrong kind, dose, or timing.

 

 

 

 

Section 6: How to Use Cannabis Responsibly

 

 

A Doctor’s Guide to Smarter, Safer Cannabis Use (Without Killing the Vibe)

 

Contrary to what your college roommate might’ve told you, more cannabis does not always mean better cannabis. In fact, using cannabis well—whether for health, relaxation, or sleep—takes more strategy than most people think.

 

Here’s how to get it right (and stay out of trouble):

 

Start Low, But More Importantly—Know Yourself

 

“Start low and go slow” is decent advice, but better guidance is: know yourself. That means considering your sensitivity, health conditions, medications, and intentions. A tiny puff might help your anxiety—or leave you feeling like your soul is being audited. Personal awareness is key.

 

 

Choose the Right Method

 

 

Each consumption method has a different onset and duration:

 

✅ Smoking or vaping: Fast onset (minutes), shorter duration (2–4 hours). Good for fine-tuning effects but can be hard on the lungs.

 

✅ Edibles: Slow onset (30–90 minutes), longer duration (6–8+ hours). Easy to overdo—especially with delayed effects.

 

✅ Tinctures and oils: Absorb under the tongue in 15–45 minutes, offering a gentler, adjustable option.

 

✅ Topicals: No “high,” just localized relief for pain or inflammation.

 

Don’t Mix Without a Plan

 

Combining cannabis with alcohol, stimulants, or certain medications can amplify effects in unpredictable ways. So if you’re using cannabis with something else, be informed—not impulsive.

 

Track Your Experience

 

If you’re using cannabis for health reasons, treat it like you would any other therapeutic: track it. When did you take it? How much? What kind? What happened? Over time, patterns emerge—and you can refine your regimen.

 

There are even apps for that. (Or if you’re 85 and hate apps, a good old notebook works just fine.)

 

Know When to Stop

 

If you’re feeling “off,” anxious, dizzy, or just not right—pause. Give your system a break. You don’t lose your cannabis card for taking a night off.

 

Used with intention, cannabis can be a life-enhancing tool. But it’s not a toy, and it’s not a trend. It’s a medicine with nuance. And when used thoughtfully, it tends to deliver more balance than buzz.

 

 

 

 

 

Section 7: Cannabis in Culture and Policy

 

 

From Prohibition to Prescriptions: How Weed Went Mainstream (Sort of)

 

Cannabis has gone from counterculture contraband to wellness buzzword in just a few decades. One minute it’s a DEA Schedule I substance, the next it’s being sold next to CBD seltzers and elderberry gummies at your local organic co-op.

 

But the history of cannabis isn’t just quirky—it’s key to understanding why the plant is still so misunderstood.

 

 

A Very Brief (But Wild) History

 

 

Cannabis has been used medicinally for thousands of years. Ancient Chinese physicians wrote about it. Indian Ayurvedic healers swore by it. Queen Victoria reportedly used it for menstrual cramps.

 

Then came the early 20th century, when cannabis was renamed “marijuana,” strategically linked with Mexican immigrants, and used as a political tool in what we now recognize as racially motivated propaganda. Enter Reefer Madness and the War on Drugs—decades of prohibition that demonized the plant and punished its users, disproportionately people of color.

 

 

Fast-Forward to Today

 

 

♦️ Medical cannabis is now legal in over 35 U.S. states.

 

♦️ Recreational use is legal in nearly half.

 

♦️ Public opinion has flipped: about 9 in 10 Americans support legalization in some form.

 

And yet, cannabis remains federally illegal. This means:

 

♦︎ Physicians can “recommend” it, but not “prescribe” it.

 

♦︎ Banks, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies face roadblocks.

 

♦︎ Patients are left to navigate an exploding, inconsistent marketplace mostly on their own.

 

 

Why This Matters for You

 

Legal status doesn’t equal medical clarity. While dispensaries are great at offering options, they’re not medical offices. Labels can be vague, THC percentages misleading, and budtenders—well-intentioned as they may be—aren’t trained to manage anxiety, seizure risk, or drug interactions.

 

That’s where clinically guided cannabis care comes in. Because access is only half the story. The other half is knowing how to use it well—and safely.

 

 

 

 

Section 8: Weed Myths That Just Won’t Die (And the Truth Behind Them)

 

 

 

No, Weed Doesn’t Stay in Your Spine Forever—and Other Cannabis Myths Busted

 

For a plant that’s been around for millennia, cannabis has collected an impressive number of urban legends. Some are harmless. Others? Not so much.

 

Let’s clear the smoke.

 

Myth #1: “Weed Kills Brain Cells”

 

 

This one was popularized by a decades-old study that pumped monkeys full of smoke in oxygen-deprived chambers (yes, really). The result? Brain damage—but probably from suffocation, not THC.

 

The truth: Chronic, heavy use may impact memory and cognition, especially in adolescents. But moderate, therapeutic use in adults has not been shown to “kill brain cells.” What’s more, cannabinoids may even have neuroprotective effects in some conditions.

 

 

 

Myth #2: “You Can Overdose on Cannabis”

 

 

Define overdose. If you mean “feel like you’re melting into the couch and temporarily question your life choices”—yes. If you mean “fatal respiratory depression like opioids”—no.

 

The truth: THC can absolutely overwhelm your system, especially in high doses. But there are no confirmed deaths from cannabis toxicity alone. Still, too much is no joke—especially for the elderly, the anxious, or the unprepared.

 

 

 

Myth #3: “Cannabis Is a Gateway Drug”

 

This one’s been used politically for decades. The idea: you try weed, next thing you know, you’re robbing a pharmacy in search of heroin.

 

The truth: The vast majority of cannabis users never move on to harder drugs. And the real “gateway” factors? Poverty, trauma, lack of healthcare, and criminalization—not THC.

 

 

Myth #4: “Today’s Weed Is So Strong, It’s Basically a Different Drug”

 

 

Okay, this one has a grain of truth. THC levels in some strains today are indeed much higher than in the 1960s. Back then, you were more likely to smoke a joint with 2–5% THC. Now? It’s not uncommon to see flower testing at 25–30%, with concentrates pushing 80%+.

 

The truth: Potency matters—but so does context. We now have better tools to balance THC with CBD, adjust dosing, and personalize treatment. Stronger doesn’t always mean more dangerous—but it does mean you should know what you’re taking.

 

 

Myth #5: “It’s Natural, So It’s Totally Safe”

 

So is arsenic. And poison ivy. Nature’s not always cuddly.

 

The truth: Cannabis is a plant, yes—but that doesn’t mean it’s harmless. It’s psychoactive. It can interact with medications. It can be habit-forming for some. “Natural” is not a medical credential.

 

Busting these myths isn’t just fun—it’s essential. Because bad information leads to bad decisions, and cannabis deserves better than folklore-level health advice.

 

 

 

 

Section 9: The Bottom Line

 

 

Know the Plant. Know Yourself. Then Decide.

 

Cannabis goes by many names—weed, pot, marijuana, ganja, the list goes on—but no matter what you call it, here’s the truth: it’s not a miracle, it’s not a menace. It’s a tool. And like any powerful tool, its value depends on how, why, and when you use it.

 

The science behind cannabis is real. So are the risks. But somewhere between the fearmongering headlines and the breathless Instagram hype lies a space for informed, thoughtful use—especially when guided by someone who knows the landscape.

 

That’s what we do here.

 

So whether you’re curious, cautious, or completely confused, take this with you:

 

There’s no shame in asking questions about weed.

 

There’s no one-size-fits-all product, strain, or dose.

 

And there’s no better substitute for guidance than…well, guidance.

 

If you’re serious about using cannabis to feel better, sleep better, think clearer, or manage real health challenges—you don’t need to do it alone.

 

Want clarity, not guesswork? Reach out, subscribe, or schedule a visit. We’re here to help you understand the plant and yourself a little better.