Year 2019 was an up and down year for the cannabis industry. As the year comes to a close, let...
Cannabis is not all about smoking, inhaling, or vaping
The other day, I received a referral to our medical cannabis clinic from one of the Pediatric Gastroenterology doctors at...
The endocannabinoid system and the placebo effect: Molecular mechanisms of placebo responses in humans
Pain and the placebo effect “The placebo effect” has become somewhat of a buzz word in modern pain management, but what...
Pain, pleasure, and placebo: Cannabinoids in reward processing and the perception of pain
Cannabinoids could be a tool to reduce opioid doses when treating chronic pain When treating chronic pain, there is...
Blunted highs: Cannabis tolerance behavioral models and pharmacodynamics
Chronic daily cannabis use builds tolerance to some but not all of the effects of cannabis With the increase of...
The roles of THC and CB1 receptors in cannabis reinforcement and dependence
Cannabis reinforcement and dependence occur through cannabinoid type 1 receptors Cannabis is the most commonly used drug worldwide, and chronic...
Illicit drug use: Dependence and contributions to the global burden of disease
In 2009, an estimated 149–271 million people worldwide used illicit drugs. 125–203 million were cannabis users. These numbers likely undercount...
Endocannabinoids and stress: Effects of indirect agonists and comparison of male and female mice
Cannabis has stress reducing effects in females as well as males The potential of cannabinoids to treat stress and anxiety...
Is cannabis an antibiotic savior in antibiotic-induced bacteremia?
New research shows that cannabis use is linked to decreased incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) linked...
Do sex and steroid hormones affect cannabis outcomes? A review of the endocannabinoid system
Sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone) substantially impact sexual differentiation, maturation, and adult sexual behavior. The effect of poorly regulated...