This item covers developments relevant to cannabis medicine and clinical practice. Clinicians monitoring evidence in this area should review the source material.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) frequently co-occur, yet prevalence estimates vary widely across settings. This meta-analysis updates the evidence on the bidirectional association between MDD and CUD, emphasizing current-diagnosis subgroups, which are the most clinically relevant. Following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciELO. Random-effects models estimated current-diagnosis prevalence of MDD among individuals with CUD and of CUD among individuals with MDD. Subgroup analyses differentiated psychiatric and community samples. Sensitivity analyses (leave-one-out) and Egger’s tests assessed robustness and publication bias. Meta-regressions evaluated demographic, methodological, and geographic moderators. In total, 55 studies comprising 3,279,774 individuals were included (454,547 and 112,328 living with CUD and MDD, respectively). Current MDD prevalence among individuals with CUD was elevated in both ps

“This is a development worth tracking. The clinical implications will become clearer as more evidence accumulates.”

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